Spain

Just 130 miles from Africa, Santa Cruz de Tenerife was founded in 1494, becoming a key port on the trade route between Europe and the Americas. Framed by Baroque churches and historic buildings, charming plazas dot the city, including the central Plaza de España. In contrast, the modern Torres de Santa Cruz are the tallest twin towers in Spain, and the futuristic Auditorio de Tenerife sits majestically on the waterfront. Calle de la Noria bustles with Canarian style and offers shopping, entertainment and cuisine.

The bustling capital of Arrecife is named for the black reefs behind which boats once hid from pirates. The dark, barren hills and vast craters of the island’s spectacular volcanic terrain can be explored by bus or 4x4, on foot or by camel, and nearby Timanfaya National Park is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The island is also renowned for its stellar beaches. Manmade attractions include Castillo de San Gabriel, on a tiny islet facing town, and Castillo de San Jose, home to the contemporary art museum.

One of Europe's favorite playgrounds, Ibiza boasts more than 100 miles of coastline frosted with exquisite beaches. It's a hub of sun worship, white sand, beach bars and clubs that buzz all night. And there's history too. The fortified Old Town, known as Dalt Vila, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a spectacular example of Renaissance military architecture. Carrer del Calvari leads to Portal Nou, the entrance through the old city walls, and a walk up the hill reveals panoramic views of the city.

The approach to Menorca reveals white houses clinging to rocks with a historic town rising above one of the world's largest natural harbors, used as a port since the 3rd century BC. King Island floats halfway in, featuring ruins of a 6th-century basilica. The streets of Menorca present an interesting blend of ancient treasures, such as the medieval wall of San Roque Arch and the relics in the Museu de Menorca, and more recent gems, including the grand Georgian homes that remain from the British occupation of the island. The city's rich history is also reflected in its varied cuisine.

The capital of the Balearic Islands, beautiful Palma is famous for La Seu, the massive Cathedral of Santa Maria overlooking the bay. The adjacent Alumdaina Palace has been a royal residence since the 14th century, and the Gothic-style Bellver Castle houses the city's history museum. The Juan March Foundation Museum boasts a permanent collection of 70 works by the most important Spanish vanguard artists of the 20th century.

The distinctive cityscape of Valencia harmoniously blends centuries of architecture. The first stone of Valencia Cathedral was laid in 1262, and one of the chapels holds a chalice purported to be the true Holy Grail. Meanwhile, the Plaza del Mercado provides a delightful contrast between the art nouveau Mercado Central and the Gothic architecture of Lonja de la Seda, a former silk exchange and UNESCO World Heritage site. Moving into the 21st century, the City of Arts and Sciences was designed by renowned Valencian architect Santiago Calatrava and opened in 2005.

Founded by Carthaginians circa 220 BC, Cartagena has one of the world's oldest naval bases and a wealth of Roman archaeology. The 1st-century Roman theater was only unearthed a few decades ago, and discoveries are ongoing, including an entire town block dating to Roman times called the Barrio del Foro Romano. Likewise of interest are the Casa de la Fortuna – a house with Roman murals, mosaics and excavated objects – and the Punic Wall Interpretation Center displaying remains of a 3rd century defensive wall.

Barcelona is a true global city of breathtaking architecture, countless world-class museums, bustling markets, colorful parks and high-end fashion. This town is big but perfectly discoverable on foot. Imposing Montjuïc Castle is a good starting point for a stunning panorama of the city, and the renowned Joan Miró museum and Catalonian national art museum are also in the area. One might fill an entire day strolling amidst the 12th- and 13th-century architecture of the Gothic Quarter and then checking out the extensive collection of the Museu Picasso.

Tall hotels rise up from the golden beaches in Málaga, the historic enclave on the Costa del Sol. While the Mediterranean bathes its coastline, Málaga's mountains back the city to form a cocoon that ensures mild weather. Málaga is among the world's oldest cities, founded 2,800 years ago and settled by Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Byzantines, Visigoths and Christians. Looming over the skyline are the citadels Alcazaba and Castle of Gibralfaro, remnants of Moorish rule. Málaga was revitalized in recent years, now featuring some 30 museums and an edgy urban art community.

Perhaps no single edifice has had more impact on a city than the Guggenheim Museum of Bilbao. Designed by renowned architect Franck Gehry and opened in 1997, the massive, billowing, titanium-clad structure reflects the city’s revitalized relationship with the river that runs through it, and the modern collection within the museum is as impressive as the exterior. Other worthwhile museums include the Museo de Bellas Artes and the Euskal Museoa, devoted to Basque culture.